London Journal of Engineering Research
type: channel
description: London Journal of Engineering Research London Journal of Engineering Research is focused on publishing groundbreaking ideas on theoretical and experimental research in all the domains relating to engineering. It provides practical, theoretical, and managerial implications useful for further research development. As a flagship scholarly journal, It is a peer-reviewed, international, indexed journal. The Journal publishes high-quality research papers that are double-blind refereed. Authors and readers include academic researchers and educators, as well as engineering professionals. SUBMIT MANUSCRIPT
publisher: Great Britain Journals Press
language: en
publication name: London Journal of Engineering Research
issn: 2631-8474
items: Designing High-Dense-Packed Electronic Equipment using Three-Dimensional Printed Wiring
items: Wave Energy Considerations for the Concept Design of Rock Armored Coastal Revetments
items: Prony Analysis -A Case Study in Eastern Regional Power System in India
items: Objective Evaluation Criteria for the Safety Certification of Autonomous Navigation System
items: Numeric-Symbolic Composite Derivative Calculations
items: Implementation of Generative Artificial Intelligence in a Virtual Reality Exhibition
items: Polyphenol-Rich Collas-Coe a Study on Antioxidant Activity and Cellular Safety
items: CFD Investigation of Turbulence Behaviour in Grooved Divergent Rocket Nozzles using 2 the k-? Model
items: Evolution of Performance Metrics for Accurate Evaluation of Speech-to-Speech Translation Models: A Literature Review
items: Refurbishment and Conversion to Pumped/Storage Systems of Hydroelectric Power Plants in C????ba (Argentina)
items: Development of Nanotechnology for Manned and unmanned Aircraft: Perspectives on Jet Engines, Fuels, spacecraft, AI, and Sustainability
items: Development of a Structural Model for Constructing a Cutting Tool Trajectory Analysis Module in the Axiom Control CNC System
items: CNT’s based Nanomaterials: An Interesting Cluster of Biosensors
items: Decisions with Uncertainty using Deterministic Analysis
items: Structural Equation Model Approach to Understand Intentions to use Online Hospital Services (OHS) in Context of Rural China
items: Optimization of Solar Energy using Artificial Neural Network VS Recurrent Neural Network Controller with Ultra Lift Luo Converter
items: Study of the Eigenmodes of Anoptical Waveguide with a Refractive Index that Varies in the Radial Direction from the Central Axis
items: Electrode Process with DC High Voltage and Electrochemical Plasma for Synthesis of Nanoparticle Solution and Wastewater Treatment
items: Survey on Fibre Optic Deployment for Telecommunications Operators in Ghana: Coverage Gap, Recommendations and Research Directions
items: Real-Time Object Detection in Disaster Zones and UAV Thermal-RGB Imagery
items: Conversational Intelligence for All: Speech Recognition Systems for Inclusive Digital Access
items: Deep Learning-based Severity Classification of Concrete Cracks using YOLOv8 for Structural Health Analysis
items: Search of Floating Mines by Unmanned Aerial Vehicles using Kinematic Projection Methods
items: Effectiveness of Silica Fume as a Partial Cement Replacement in Recycled Aggregate Concrete
items: A Hybrid Multi-Attribute Framework for Optimizing Turnaround Inspection Scope in Oil and Gas Facilities
items: Analysis of Dynamic Characteristics of Straight Cylindricalgears based on Gyroscopic Effect
items: The Solution of the 3 Dimensional Navier-Stokes Momentum Equations (A 3 Dimensional Integral Equation Approach)
items: Understanding the World Through Systems: History, Classification and Future Directions
items: Design, Construction and Performance Comparison of Fuzzy Logic Controller and PID Controller for two-Wheel Balance Robot
items: Computation of the Minimum One-sided Hausdorff Distance Between Plane Curves under a Similarity Transformation and Relevant Applications in Roundness Error Evaluation

Designing High-Dense-Packed Electronic Equipment using Three-Dimensional Printed Wiring
type: item
description: Context: Many areas of modern electronic equipment, such as medical, automotive, portable, and special-purpose electronics, place increased demands on mass and volume. These devices often have irregular volume structures for accommodating electronic components. Therefore, 3D printed circuit boards are ideal for implementing such designs, and improving their efficiency, as well as optimizing the selection of mounting types, are pressing challenges. Objective: The aim of this work is to develop a 3D printed circuit board method that is efficient in production and use, as well as a method for objectively selecting the optimal PCB option from the existing variety when designing miniature electronic equipment. Method: The design and manufacturing method for manufacturing rigid-flexible printed circuit boards is based on traditional PCB manufacturing methods with an appropriate addition that allows for the achievement of three-dimensional design properties. The method for selecting a 3D printed circuit board option consists of two parts: a heuristic method and passive game theory. Results: A design and engineering method for producing a rigid-flexible printed circuit board has been developed. Its main feature is its fabrication on a single base—a rigid printed circuit board. A sequence of steps for implementing a heuristic method is presented, and 3D printed circuit assembly metrics and their characteristics are developed, serving as input for experts selecting the optimal option. A method for using passive game theory to solve the same problem of selecting a3D printed circuit board option is presented. A number of formalized metrics and coefficients have been developed for this purpose. Conclusions: This paper addresses the problem of developing methods for creating printed circuit boards forthree-dimensional printed wiringand selecting optimal electrical connection designs for electronic equipment design. The practical value of the proposed methods lies in their ready-t…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: 3D-MID
  topic: keywords
subject: a three-dimensional printed wiring
  topic: keywords
subject: flexible printed circuit boards
  topic: keywords
subject: optimal use of three-dimensional printed wiring.
  topic: keywords
subject: rigid-flexible printed circuit boards
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Anatoliy A. Efimenko
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Authors and Global Journals Private Limited http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2026-01-08
publication date: 2026-01-08
starting page: 57
ending page: 77

Wave Energy Considerations for the Concept Design of Rock Armored Coastal Revetments
type: item
description: Current practice for assessing toe scour, requisite armor mass and wave overtopping of rock-armored coastal revetments is based empirically on flume study data. Flume data are normalised, which is done to synthesize large datasets to a notionally common scale, making equations dimensionless. Factors that normalize laboratory data for developing current predictive formulae for scour, requisite armor mass and overtopping discharges are based universally on wave height and gravitational acceleration. This article utilizes data from comprehensive scale model studies of various rock armored coastal revetments from which current-practice formulae have been derived, but normalizing the laboratory data using factors based on wave energy rather than wave height alone. This has resulted in predictions of toe scour, requisite armor mass and average overtopping discharges that are more accurate than those from formulae in current use. The influence of wave period is examined with wave period being incorporated into predictive equations, resulting in further improvements. Some model and scale effects are identified, recommending further research.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: coastal revetment
  topic: keywords
subject: overtopping discharge
  topic: keywords
subject: requisite armor mass
  topic: keywords
subject: rock armor
  topic: keywords
subject: toe scour
  topic: keywords
subject: wave energy.
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Alexander Nielsen
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Authors and Global Journals Private Limited http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2026-01-08
publication date: 2026-01-08
starting page: 9
ending page: 23

Prony Analysis -A Case Study in Eastern Regional Power System in India
type: item
description: The stability of the Indian power grid is frequently challenged by Low-Frequency Oscillations (LFOs), particularly in the hydro-dominant Eastern Region, where evacuation corridors are constrained. This paper presents a detailed analysis of a cascade tripping event that occurred on July 7, 2017, involving the 400 kV Teesta-III to Rangpo corridor. Utilizing high-resolution synchro phasor data obtained from Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs), this study characterizes the oscillatory behavior of the grid during the disturbance. While conventional Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) methods are often employed for spectral monitoring, this work employs Prony Analysis due to its superior capability in analyzing non-stationary, transient signals and its ability to directly extract modal damping ratios. The analysis identifies the dominant inter-area and local modes, quantifying their energy, damping percentage, and frequency content. The results demonstrate that specific modes exhibited insufficient damping during the event, contributing to system separation. These findings are subsequently used to derive necessary control parameters for the design of robust Power System Stabilizers (PSS) and oscillation damping filters, aimed at enhancing the dynamic stability of the Eastern Regional Grid.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Linear state estimation
  topic: keywords
subject: Low-frequency oscillations
  topic: keywords
subject: PMU
  topic: keywords
subject: Prony analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: Small-signal stability
  topic: keywords
subject: Synchrophasor technology
  topic: keywords
subject: WAMS
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. G. Yesuratnam
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Authors and Global Journals Private Limited http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2026-01-08
publication date: 2026-01-08
starting page: 25
ending page: 42

Objective Evaluation Criteria for the Safety Certification of Autonomous Navigation System
type: item
description: In Japan, the commercialization of the autonomous ship is aiming at the full-scale commercial operation around 2030 with the cooperation of industry, academia and government. The autonomous navigation system that the ships will be equipped with is one of the main functions of the autonomous ship. Commercialized autonomous ships coming soon are scheduled to operate on domestic routes. In areas covered by the Collision avoidance Regulations (COLREGs), autonomous ships will basically navigate without human intervention, including in congested waters. The Japan Captains’ Association believes that ships equipped with such autonomous navigation systems must have the same safety level as conventional ships and comply with the COLREGs. In other words, the autonomous ship should not cause anxiety to encountering ships. Based on the above basic policy, the Japan Captains’ Association and ClassNK conducted a large-scale verification experiment aimed at formulating standards for classification companies to objectively evaluate the safety of autonomous navigation systems and developed evaluation area diagrams for certification. This paper introduces the evaluation area diagrams that objectively evaluates autonomous navigation systems to have the same or higher safety level as conventional ships and to objectively evaluate compliance with COLREGs. In the evaluation area diagram, “Safety area”, “Caution area”, and “Danger area” are calculated based on the relative distance and bearing (compass bearing) change rate etc, between the autonomous ship and the encountered ships. When a ship using an autonomous navigation system navigates in a way that avoids entering “Caution area” and “Danger area”, it can be said that the ship is reducing risk before there is a risk of collision. ClassNK will use the evaluation area diagram introduced here to carry out certification work for the autonomous navigation system which will undergo demonstration experiments in 2025. This paper also discusse…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Dr. Shinya Nakamura
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Authors and Global Journals Private Limited http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2026-01-08
publication date: 2026-01-08
starting page: 43
ending page: 55

Numeric-Symbolic Composite Derivative Calculations
type: item
description: Composite derivative calculations arise in many applications in computational science and engineering. Since 1857 the gold standard for computing composite derivatives is the celebrated formula of Faà Di Bruno. The equation is an identity for generalizing the chain rule of calculus to higher dimensions. It is very complicated. Each sub calculation must satisfy two integer constraint equations. An alternative problem formulation, proposed in 1861 by George Scott, is analytically very simple: nevertheless, the requirement for computing hand-generated complex derivatives while enforcing a boundary condition, has limited its application. Symbolic methods are also available, but computationally expensive to embed in application software. This paper combines the best features of symbolic processing and Scott’s formulation. The symbolic preprocessor computes (1) derivatives, and (2) enforces the derivative boundary condition appearing in Scott’s method. For n requested composite derivatives; the preprocessor generates a lower triangular nxn array that is embedded in the application software for computing the numerical composite derivatives. Unless the number of requested composite work derivatives increases, the preprocessor is only called one time. The symbolic preprocessor easily scales for handling ten’s to hundred’s of composite derivatives. A numerical example is provided, where 1..5 composite derivatives are computed.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Dr. James D. Turner
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Authors and Global Journals Private Limited http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2026-01-08
publication date: 2026-01-08
starting page: 1
ending page: 7

Implementation of Generative Artificial Intelligence in a Virtual Reality Exhibition
type: item
description: Background:?Exhibitions are an activity that is often attended by many companies around the world because of its benefits as a promotional event. Companies can build the image of their company and products and interact directly with buyers through an exhibition. With recent advances in technology, virtual exhibitions have begun being created as an alternative to conventional face-to-face exhibitions. This presents an opportunity to implement other technologies within these new type of exhibition, namely generative artificial intelligence. Methods:?This research involved the use of the Unity game engine to create a virtual environment resembling an exhibition space. Within this environment users can navigate their surroundings and view the products displayed at the exhibition. Generative artificial intelligence was then implemented to generate content based on the products available in the exhibition. A head mounted display and virtual reality controllers were used to view and control the application. Participants were instructed to test the application. Once done, they then filled out a user acceptance test in order to evaluate their experience of using the application and how the use of generative artificial intelligence impacted that experience. Results:?Five participants tested and evaluated the application. The implementation of generative artificial intelligence had a positive impact on the quality of the information provided by the application. In addition, it did not impact the immersion of the experience. Conclusions:?Generative artificial intelligence can be used in a virtual exhibition setting to dynamically generate content regarding available products.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Digital radiography; Multiscale analysis; Pixel-level fusion; Image detail enhancement; Nondestructive testing
  topic: keywords
subject: turbulence
  topic: keywords
subject: computational fluid dynamics.
  topic: keywords
subject: Divergent Nozzle Grooving
  topic: keywords
subject: Rocket nozzle
  topic: keywords
subject: Flow field
  topic: keywords
subject: Antioxidant
  topic: keywords
subject: cytotoxicity
  topic: keywords
subject: Polyphenol
  topic: keywords
subject: Cellular
  topic: keywords
subject: Unity
  topic: keywords
subject: sgenerative artificial intelligence
  topic: keywords
subject: virtual exhibitions
  topic: keywords
subject: virtual reality
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. P. M. Winarno
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Authors and Global Journals Private Limited http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2025-12-05
publication date: 2025-12-05
starting page: 27
ending page: 44

Polyphenol-Rich Collas-Coe a Study on Antioxidant Activity and Cellular Safety
type: item
description: Polyphenols, known for their strong antioxidant properties, combat oxidative stress, enhance cell viability, and protect against free radical damage. These bioactive compounds hold immense potential for functional food and cosmetic innovations, supporting overall health and promoting skin resilience, offering exciting opportunities in nutraceutical and cosmetic product development. This study evaluates the bioactive properties and potential applications of Collas-Co�, a high-polyphenol ingredient with promising antioxidant activity. The total phenolic content (TPC) of Collas-Co� was determined to be 58.05 � 0.33 mg GAE/g. Its antioxidant capacity, assessed via ORAC assay, revealed a remarkably high scavenging activity of 15,221 � 409 �mol TE/100g. Furthermore, the DPPH assay demonstrated superior radical scavenging activity, with Collas-Co� achieving 85.67% inhibition at 2.5 mg/mL, outperforming gallic acid by approximately 15%. Cytotoxicity studies using primary human dermal fibroblasts indicated that Collas-Co� exhibited dose-dependent effects. At lower concentrations (0.39 mg/mL), it enhanced cell viability to 112.94%, suggesting potential protective or stimulatory properties. Moderate concentrations (0.78�6.25 mg/mL) showed tolerability, while higher concentrations (>12.50 mg/mL) resulted in cytotoxicity, with an IC50 of 50.50 � 2.07 mg/mL. These findings highlight Collas-Co� as a potent antioxidant with moderate cytotoxicity, suitable for functional foods and cosmetic applications.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Digital radiography; Multiscale analysis; Pixel-level fusion; Image detail enhancement; Nondestructive testing
  topic: keywords
subject: turbulence
  topic: keywords
subject: computational fluid dynamics.
  topic: keywords
subject: Divergent Nozzle Grooving
  topic: keywords
subject: Rocket nozzle
  topic: keywords
subject: Flow field
  topic: keywords
subject: Antioxidant
  topic: keywords
subject: cytotoxicity
  topic: keywords
subject: Polyphenol
  topic: keywords
subject: Cellular
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Chanin Leksahakhun
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Authors and Global Journals Private Limited http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2025-12-05
publication date: 2025-12-05
starting page: 17
ending page: 25

CFD Investigation of Turbulence Behaviour in Grooved Divergent Rocket Nozzles using 2 the k-? Model
type: item
description: �The adiabatic gas expansion in the divergent rocket area generally results in the generation of thrust 19 required for propulsion by providing an environment where the gas molecules speed rapidly out the nozzle 20 exit after traversing the nozzle area. This study investigates the impact of wall grooving in the divergent 21 section of rocket nozzles on turbulence characteristics and flow performance using Computational Fluid 22 Dynamics (CFD). Employing the Finite Volume Method (FVM) and the k� ? turbulence model in 23 ANSYS Fluent, the study compares a conventional nozzle and a grooved counterpart under identical 24 boundary conditions. Key parameters analyzed include Turbulent Kinetic Energy (TKE), Turbulent 25 Eddy Dissipation (TED), and velocity profiles. Results reveal that while the grooved nozzle slightly 26 reduces axial velocity, it significantly enhances turbulence dissipation and flow stability by suppressing 27 lateral velocity fluctuations. Enhanced TED and uniform TKE distribution suggest improved mixing 28 and thermal energy control, making grooved nozzles a promising modification for advanced propulsion 29 systems.�
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Digital radiography; Multiscale analysis; Pixel-level fusion; Image detail enhancement; Nondestructive testing
  topic: keywords
subject: turbulence
  topic: keywords
subject: computational fluid dynamics.
  topic: keywords
subject: Divergent Nozzle Grooving
  topic: keywords
subject: Rocket nozzle
  topic: keywords
subject: Flow field
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Dieu-Donne Tallaelbazar Wandaogo,
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Authors and Global Journals Private Limited http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2025-12-05
publication date: 2025-12-05
starting page: 1
ending page: 15

Evolution of Performance Metrics for Accurate Evaluation of Speech-to-Speech Translation Models: A Literature Review
type: item
description: The translation of speech from a source to speech in a target language with generative artificial intelligence is an area of research that is presently being actively explored. This is aimed at solving global language barriers thereby ensuring seamless communication between the individuals involved. It has been well developed for high-resourced languages like English, Spanish, French and Chinese. Currently, objective evaluation metrics such as Bilingual Evaluation Understudy Scores (BLEUS), and subjective metrics such as Mean Opinion Score Naturalness (MOSN) and Mean Opinion Score Similarity (MOSS) are being used to evaluate the performance of the output of speech-to-speech models. However, low resourced languages are still undeveloped in the area of speech processing applications, especially the African indigenous languages. The output speech in the target language needs to be evaluated to determine the closeness to the ground truth, as well as how natural and intelligible it is to the intended listeners. This paper presents a review of trends from the current metrics to emerging ones such as Recall Oriented Understudy for Gisting Evaluation-L (ROUGE-L) and BLASER. The applications of speech models� metrics on various leaderboards and modern AI platforms were also discussed. The outcome shows that while BLEU score and MOSN metrics are prevalent for speech models, there is a need to explore metrics such as ROUGE-L, and BERTScore which are machine translation metric due to their benefits.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Carbon nanotubes (CNTs)
  topic: keywords
subject: Functionalization of CNTs
  topic: keywords
subject: Chirality
  topic: keywords
subject: Arc discharge
  topic: keywords
subject: laser ablation
  topic: keywords
subject: Biosensors.
  topic: keywords
subject: manufacturing.
  topic: keywords
subject: industry
  topic: keywords
subject: Technological tasks
  topic: keywords
subject: metalworking
  topic: keywords
subject: visualization of the axiom control CNC system
  topic: keywords
subject: energy storage
  topic: keywords
subject: hydroelectric power
  topic: keywords
subject: pumped storage
  topic: keywords
subject: hydropower station modernisation
  topic: keywords
subject: infrastructure refurbishment.
  topic: keywords
subject: BERTScore
  topic: keywords
subject: Bilingual Evaluation Understudy Scores (BLEUS)
  topic: keywords
subject: BLASER
  topic: keywords
subject: Leaderboards
  topic: keywords
subject: Mean Opinion Score Naturalness (MOSN)
  topic: keywords
subject: Mean Opinion Score Similarity (MOSS)
  topic: keywords
subject: Recall Oriented Understudy for Gisting Evaluation Longest Common Subsequence (ROUGE-L)
  topic: keywords
subject: Speech-to-speech metrics
  topic: keywords
subject: Word Error Rate (WER)
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Gabriel O. Sobola
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Authors and Global Journals Private Limited http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2025-11-07
publication date: 2025-11-07
starting page: 65
ending page: 91

Refurbishment and Conversion to Pumped/Storage Systems of Hydroelectric Power Plants in C????ba (Argentina)
type: item
description: This research presents a comprehensive methodology for the technical and environmental assessment of the refurbishment and modernization of existing hydroelectric plants in the province of C�rdoba (Argentina) to use pumped storage hydropower (PSH) systems. The study is based on leveraging existing civil infrastructure, with the goal of minimizing environmental impacts, optimizing economic resources, and improving provincial energy management. The proposed methodology combines technical, hydrological, environmental, and water resource management criteria to prioritize sites with high conversion feasibility. Of the total number of plants analyzed, four were identified as having favorable conditions: Fitz Simon, Cassaffousth, Los Molinos I, and La Vi�a. Field campaigns and specific analyses were subsequently conducted to assess the technical and operational feasibility of their refurbishment and modernization. The results show that the selected plants have high potential to operate with pumped storage energy storage schemes, contributing to the integration of intermittent renewable energy and strengthening the provincial electricity grid. The case of the La Vi�a Power Plant is presented in detail, given its current modernization process, highlighting the technical and economic opportunity of incorporating the reversible pumping function simultaneously with the equipment upgrade.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Carbon nanotubes (CNTs)
  topic: keywords
subject: Functionalization of CNTs
  topic: keywords
subject: Chirality
  topic: keywords
subject: Arc discharge
  topic: keywords
subject: laser ablation
  topic: keywords
subject: Biosensors.
  topic: keywords
subject: manufacturing.
  topic: keywords
subject: industry
  topic: keywords
subject: Technological tasks
  topic: keywords
subject: metalworking
  topic: keywords
subject: visualization of the axiom control CNC system
  topic: keywords
subject: energy storage
  topic: keywords
subject: hydroelectric power
  topic: keywords
subject: pumped storage
  topic: keywords
subject: hydropower station modernisation
  topic: keywords
subject: infrastructure refurbishment.
  topic: keywords
creator: Santiago Reyna
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Authors and Global Journals Private Limited http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2025-11-07
publication date: 2025-11-07
starting page: 25
ending page: 40

Development of Nanotechnology for Manned and unmanned Aircraft: Perspectives on Jet Engines, Fuels, spacecraft, AI, and Sustainability
type: item
description: These days, nanotechnology has provided an enormous benefit to the aviation and aerospace industries for improved manufacturing, spacecraft, fuels, health, and more. The objective of this paper is to review and propose a higher level of nanotechnology development in the aviation industry. While space exploration and tourism have brought about an appreciation for Earth's environmental changes from space, numerous criticisms have indicated the large negative impact space travel has made on the environment. Here,� nanotechnology is offered as a field that can both improve space tourism and decrease its impact on the Earth�s environment. Specifically, this paper starts with a review of what material properties are needed for space exploration and then suggests the use of nanotechnology in the development of improved composite materials for jet engines, propulsion, and durability, considering aeronautical standards and aerospace developments, introducing the implementation of artificial intelligence (AI). This research includes aerospace and aeronautical industry�� manufacturers, their new nanotechnological strategies and breakthroughs, as well as failed attempts during manufacturing or� operations. Addressing the failures, this research indicates possible future steps for developing nanotechnology in unmanned and� manned aircraft to reduce harm to the environment while still� achieving space exploration.��
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Carbon nanotubes (CNTs)
  topic: keywords
subject: Functionalization of CNTs
  topic: keywords
subject: Chirality
  topic: keywords
subject: Arc discharge
  topic: keywords
subject: laser ablation
  topic: keywords
subject: Biosensors.
  topic: keywords
subject: manufacturing.
  topic: keywords
subject: industry
  topic: keywords
subject: Technological tasks
  topic: keywords
subject: metalworking
  topic: keywords
subject: visualization of the axiom control CNC system
  topic: keywords
creator: Karimli Yusuf
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Authors and Global Journals Private Limited http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2025-11-07
publication date: 2025-11-07
starting page: 53
ending page: 64

Development of a Structural Model for Constructing a Cutting Tool Trajectory Analysis Module in the Axiom Control CNC System
type: item
description: Justification. Currently, metalworking machines are used in various industries. The operation of these machines, designed for numerical control (CNC), is impossible without the use of appropriate systems that allow for the operational configuration of the system to solve various technological problems by controlling the machine's drives.� The purpose of this work is to comprehensively analyze the functionality of the Axiom Control CNC visualization module in order to identify its strengths and weaknesses compared to similar systems on the market. In the course of the research, a detailed review of existing technologies and visualization methods used in numerical control systems will be conducted, which will allow for a deeper understanding of current trends and needs in this area. Materials and methods. To achieve this goal, the following task has been set, aimed at expanding the functionality of the cutting tool rendering module in the Axiom Control CNC system, namely, the analysis of existing visualization tools for the trajectory of cutting tools in CNC systems.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Carbon nanotubes (CNTs)
  topic: keywords
subject: Functionalization of CNTs
  topic: keywords
subject: Chirality
  topic: keywords
subject: Arc discharge
  topic: keywords
subject: laser ablation
  topic: keywords
subject: Biosensors.
  topic: keywords
subject: manufacturing.
  topic: keywords
subject: industry
  topic: keywords
subject: Technological tasks
  topic: keywords
subject: metalworking
  topic: keywords
subject: visualization of the axiom control CNC system
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Sergey S. Gusev
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Authors and Global Journals Private Limited http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2025-11-07
publication date: 2025-11-07
starting page: 1
ending page: 23

CNT’s based Nanomaterials: An Interesting Cluster of Biosensors
type: item
description: This article outlines the function of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in the fabrication of biosensors for various applications. We explain why CNTs are employed more frequently in biosensor fabrications for different applications and why CNTs have significant potential in these areas of application by examining the differences between other members of the nano-carbon family. Furthermore, we investigated the role of these nano-carbons in the detection of different analytes in bio-sensing. This chapter focuses on recent breakthroughs in the construction of sensors and biosensors using carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Biosensors are employed in a wide range of applications, from prosthetic devices to checking food quality. Because of the unique physical features of CNTs nanomaterials for biosensing applications, including optical, structural, mechanical, and thermal capabilities, the scientific community has put in a lot of effort.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Carbon nanotubes (CNTs)
  topic: keywords
subject: Functionalization of CNTs
  topic: keywords
subject: Chirality
  topic: keywords
subject: Arc discharge
  topic: keywords
subject: laser ablation
  topic: keywords
subject: Biosensors.
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Irshad Ahmad
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Authors and Global Journals Private Limited http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2025-11-07
publication date: 2025-11-07
starting page: 41
ending page: 52

Decisions with Uncertainty using Deterministic Analysis
type: item
description: The purpose of this article is to present a simple algorithm for the analysis of decisions with multiple objectives whose measures of effectiveness are random variables. This paper discusses the possibility of using the probability functions: uniform, normal, exponential, Cauchy, Chi-square, Erlang, Gamma, and Laplace. The algorithm, based on the concepts and methodology of Decision Theory, guides the analyst so that he can interact with the decision- maker. First, the analyst asks the decision-maker to define his objectives in the problem he is going to analyze, as well as the measures of effectiveness to evaluate its achievement. Then, he asks questions to the decision-maker to determine his type of behavior: aversion, proneness or neutrality to risk, for each measure of effectiveness. Next, for each of them, calculate its utility function. At that point, he asks the decision-maker to specify the alternatives to be analyzed with their probability function, their range, their mean, and standard deviation.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: waveguide
  topic: keywords
subject: refraction index
  topic: keywords
subject: triangular element
  topic: keywords
subject: eigenmode
  topic: keywords
subject: eigenmatrix equation
  topic: keywords
subject: edge
  topic: keywords
subject: node
  topic: keywords
subject: electric equipotential
  topic: keywords
subject: focus.
  topic: keywords
subject: online hospital services; technology acceptance model; perceived usefulness; perceived ease of use; trust
  topic: keywords
subject: Artificial Neural Network.
  topic: keywords
subject: dc-dc ultra lift luo converter
  topic: keywords
subject: maximum power point tracking
  topic: keywords
subject: photovoltaic system
  topic: keywords
subject: recurrent neural network.
  topic: keywords
subject: decisions
  topic: keywords
subject: multiple objectives
  topic: keywords
subject: random variables
  topic: keywords
subject: utility functions
  topic: keywords
subject: value functions
  topic: keywords
subject: equivalents under certainty
  topic: keywords
subject: dominance
  topic: keywords
subject: compensatory swaps
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Acosta-Flores Jos Jes s
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Authors and Global Journals Private Limited http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2024-08-05
publication date: 2024-08-05
starting page: 1
ending page: 14

Structural Equation Model Approach to Understand Intentions to use Online Hospital Services (OHS) in Context of Rural China
type: item
description: This study aims to explore the factors influencing the adoption of Online Hospital Services (OHS) among rural residents in China, utilizing the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) framework. A Structural Equation Model (SEM) was employed to analyze data collected from 422 participants with Internet hospital experience, selected through random sampling. Data collection involved online questionnaires distributed over 45 days, resulting in effective samples. The survey was divided into six sections, focusing on various aspects of user perceptions and intentions regarding OHS. The results indicate that perceived usefulness (PU) and perceived ease of use (PEOU) positively affect attitudes towards OHS, with trust acting as a crucial mediator between these variables and usage intentions. The studys theoretical contributions include extending TAM by highlighting the central role of trust in digital health adoption, particularly in rural contexts. Practically, the findings suggest that policymakers and technology developers should focus on enhancing trust and user-friendliness to promote OHS adoption, thereby bridging the urban-rural healthcare divide and improving healthcare accessibility.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: waveguide
  topic: keywords
subject: refraction index
  topic: keywords
subject: triangular element
  topic: keywords
subject: eigenmode
  topic: keywords
subject: eigenmatrix equation
  topic: keywords
subject: edge
  topic: keywords
subject: node
  topic: keywords
subject: electric equipotential
  topic: keywords
subject: focus.
  topic: keywords
subject: online hospital services; technology acceptance model; perceived usefulness; perceived ease of use; trust
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Songyu Jiang,
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Authors and Global Journals Private Limited http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2024-08-05
publication date: 2024-08-05
starting page: 59
ending page: 75

Optimization of Solar Energy using Artificial Neural Network VS Recurrent Neural Network Controller with Ultra Lift Luo Converter
type: item
description: In today's society, the demand for clean energy is essential. Traditionally, renewable sources such as hydropower, wind, and solar have provided sustainable solutions. Photovoltaic (PV) systems generate electricity from sunlight using semiconductor PV cells, which have been effective for over 30 years. The efficiency of PV cells depends on irradiance (solar photon intensity) and temperature. Higher irradiance boosts efficiency, while higher temperatures reduce it. Despite their low voltage outputs, PV systems can be optimized with DC-DC Ultra Lift Luo converters to meet load requirements, improving system efficiency. The Ultra Lift Luo converter, a type of DC-DC converter, offers a higher voltage conversion gain than conventional boost converters. This converter belongs to the Luo converter family, which uses advanced techniques to achieve high voltage gain and efficiency. Solar irradiance fluctuates throughout the day, impacting PV cell output. Maximum Power Point Trackers (MPPTs) adjust the system's operating point to sustain peak efficiency. This study aims to design AI controllers for MPPT management. In addition, we evaluate the performance of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN) with three datasets to determine the most efficient AI controller for optimizing solar energy systems.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: waveguide
  topic: keywords
subject: refraction index
  topic: keywords
subject: triangular element
  topic: keywords
subject: eigenmode
  topic: keywords
subject: eigenmatrix equation
  topic: keywords
subject: edge
  topic: keywords
subject: node
  topic: keywords
subject: electric equipotential
  topic: keywords
subject: focus.
  topic: keywords
subject: online hospital services; technology acceptance model; perceived usefulness; perceived ease of use; trust
  topic: keywords
subject: Artificial Neural Network.
  topic: keywords
subject: dc-dc ultra lift luo converter
  topic: keywords
subject: maximum power point tracking
  topic: keywords
subject: photovoltaic system
  topic: keywords
subject: recurrent neural network.
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Kasim Ali Mohammad
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Authors and Global Journals Private Limited http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2024-08-05
publication date: 2024-08-05
starting page: 37
ending page: 57

Study of the Eigenmodes of Anoptical Waveguide with a Refractive Index that Varies in the Radial Direction from the Central Axis
type: item
description: Using finite element analysis, the eigenmodes of the optical waveguide whose refractive index vary in the radial direction was obtained. To perform efficient calculations, the cross section of the waveguide was divided into a mesh structure of triangular element. The eigenmatrix equations that describe the characteristics of eigenmode were composed of the edges and nodes of triangular elements. The eigenmodes were established with transverse electric field, and electric potential. These were represented schematically as 2-Dim electric field, 3-Dim electric potential and 2-Dim electric equipotential contour. These representations were arranged sequentially from the lower order eigenmodes. And the unusual ones were randomly organized regardless of ordering index to reveal their characteristics more clearly. From these results, it was found that the refractive index distribution adopted in this study sufficiently performed the function of focusing electromagnetic waves in the central region.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: waveguide
  topic: keywords
subject: refraction index
  topic: keywords
subject: triangular element
  topic: keywords
subject: eigenmode
  topic: keywords
subject: eigenmatrix equation
  topic: keywords
subject: edge
  topic: keywords
subject: node
  topic: keywords
subject: electric equipotential
  topic: keywords
subject: focus.
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Yeong Min Kim
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Authors and Global Journals Private Limited http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2024-08-05
publication date: 2024-08-05
starting page: 29
ending page: 36

Electrode Process with DC High Voltage and Electrochemical Plasma for Synthesis of Nanoparticle Solution and Wastewater Treatment
type: item
description: Conventional electrochemical processes with voltages of a few Volts only occur in an electrolyte solution, but with high DC voltage� electrode reactions can still occur in non-aqueous electrolyte, even distilled water. Electricity not only converts to heat, which increases the temperature of the water environment, but also performs anodic electrochemical reactions such as dissolving metals or generating oxygen (Me�Men++ne; 2H2O�O2+4H+) and generating hydrogen gas on the cathode (2H2O�H2+2OH). The gaseous environment formed from the electrochemical reactions on the electrodes with high electric, magnetic and suitable temperature conditions will appear plasma on the electrodes � the ionized state of materials. The reactions in the plasma state will generate many strong reactive agents such as electrons, atoms of H, O, O3 as well as free radicals H�, O�, OH�...Simultaneous dispersion into solution of agents formed by eletrochemical processes with DC high-voltage� and plasma reactions creates a variety of application possibilities.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Speech Recognition Systems
  topic: keywords
subject: Inclusive Digital Access
  topic: keywords
subject: Multilingual Technologies
  topic: keywords
subject: Telephone-based Interfaces
  topic: keywords
subject: Digital Accessibility
  topic: keywords
subject: Deep Learning
  topic: keywords
subject: Crack Detection
  topic: keywords
subject: YOLOv8n-cls
  topic: keywords
subject: Infrastructure Monitoring
  topic: keywords
subject: Concrete Cracks
  topic: keywords
subject: Image Classification.
  topic: keywords
subject: free radicals
  topic: keywords
subject: DC high voltage electrochemical reation
  topic: keywords
subject: electrochemical plasma
  topic: keywords
subject: nano metal solution
  topic: keywords
subject: enviromentally friendly watertreatment
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Nguyen Duc Hung
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Authors and Global Journals Private Limited http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2025-09-04
publication date: 2025-09-04
starting page: 27
ending page: 55

Survey on Fibre Optic Deployment for Telecommunications Operators in Ghana: Coverage Gap, Recommendations and Research Directions
type: item
description: This paper presents a comprehensive survey on the deployment of fibre optic networks for telecommunications operators in Ghana. It addresses the challenges encountered by operators using microwave transmission systems for backhauling traffic and emphasises the advantages of deploying fibre optic networks. The study delves into the coverage gap, provides recommendations, and outlines research directions to enhance the telecommunications infrastructure in Ghana. Additionally, it evaluates next-generation optical access technologies and architectures tailored to operators' needs. The paper also investigates current technological solutions and regulatory, technical, and economic dimensions related to sharing mobile telecommunication networks in emerging countries. Overall, this paper offers valuable insights into fibre optic network deployment for telecommunications operators in Ghana and suggests strategies to meet the increasing demand for data and mobile applications.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Speech Recognition Systems
  topic: keywords
subject: Inclusive Digital Access
  topic: keywords
subject: Multilingual Technologies
  topic: keywords
subject: Telephone-based Interfaces
  topic: keywords
subject: Digital Accessibility
  topic: keywords
subject: Deep Learning
  topic: keywords
subject: Crack Detection
  topic: keywords
subject: YOLOv8n-cls
  topic: keywords
subject: Infrastructure Monitoring
  topic: keywords
subject: Concrete Cracks
  topic: keywords
subject: Image Classification.
  topic: keywords
subject: free radicals
  topic: keywords
subject: DC high voltage electrochemical reation
  topic: keywords
subject: electrochemical plasma
  topic: keywords
subject: nano metal solution
  topic: keywords
subject: enviromentally friendly watertreatment
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Francis Padi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Authors and Global Journals Private Limited http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2025-09-04
publication date: 2025-09-04
starting page: 71
ending page: 93

Real-Time Object Detection in Disaster Zones and UAV Thermal-RGB Imagery
type: item
description: This research presents an innovative real-time disaster detection framework that leverages YOLOv11, a deep learning model, to enhance situational awareness and decision-making in emergency response operations. Unlike traditional UAV-based systems that often suffer reduced accuracy in low-visibility or complex environments, the proposed approach fuses RGB and thermal imagery from quadcopter drones with the advanced feature extraction and high-speed inference capabilities of YOLOv11. Integrated into an edge computing platform, the system supports low-latency, real-time object detection, making it highly effective for time-critical disaster scenarios. To further support operational decision-making, a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) module based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is embedded within the pipeline, enabling automated prioritization of detected threats. The model was trained and validated on a 10,000-image multimodal dataset comprising annotated UAV data from wildfire, flood, and earthquake zones. YOLOv11 consistently outperformed baseline models such as YOLOv5, achieving 88% detection accuracy, with precision, recall, and F1-scores all exceeding 0.85, and reduced response time by 40% compared to manual inspection workflows. The integration of YOLOv11 with thermal-RGB fusion significantly improved detection robustness under smoke, haze, and debris-obscured conditions. This study validates YOLOv11 on multimodal UAV disaster imagery with an integrated decision-support layer to improve emergency response effectiveness. The proposed framework sets a new benchmark in intelligent aerial surveillance, combining high detection accuracy with real-time processing capabilities. Designed for cost-efficiency and modular deployment, the framework supports scalability across local governments, first responders, and humanitarian organizations.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Speech Recognition Systems
  topic: keywords
subject: Inclusive Digital Access
  topic: keywords
subject: Multilingual Technologies
  topic: keywords
subject: Telephone-based Interfaces
  topic: keywords
subject: Digital Accessibility
  topic: keywords
subject: Deep Learning
  topic: keywords
subject: Crack Detection
  topic: keywords
subject: YOLOv8n-cls
  topic: keywords
subject: Infrastructure Monitoring
  topic: keywords
subject: Concrete Cracks
  topic: keywords
subject: Image Classification.
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Wisam Bukaita
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Authors and Global Journals Private Limited http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2025-09-04
publication date: 2025-09-04
starting page: 57
ending page: 69

Conversational Intelligence for All: Speech Recognition Systems for Inclusive Digital Access
type: item
description: Digital service accessibility confronts enduring challenges in multilingual societies, where technological and linguistic barriers limit participation for numerous population segments. Voice-based interfaces operating through telephone systems present valuable pathways to narrow these divides, facilitating interaction without literacy prerequisites or technical proficiency. Telephone-based speech recognition faces distinctive technical obstacles, including limited bandwidth, ambient noise interference, and natural conversational patterns substantially different from laboratory speech inputs. Modern algorithmic techniques, especially those employing probabilistic modeling frameworks, show remarkable capacity to function within these demanding audio environments while handling regional accents and language variations. Practical implementations across transit networks, administrative service systems, and learning platforms demonstrate how these technologies establish vital access points for traditionally underserved communities. Such systems support transportation schedule inquiries, social program registration, and educational material engagement via conventional telephone infrastructure instead of demanding broadband connections or advanced mobile devices. Widespread implementation requires thoughtful attention to information security protocols, recognition fairness across accent variations, and strategic language selection to prevent perpetuating societal imbalances. This contribution outlines system architectures, deployment methodologies, and performance assessment frameworks for developing genuinely inclusive conversational technologies that broaden digital participation across communication and technological boundaries.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Speech Recognition Systems
  topic: keywords
subject: Inclusive Digital Access
  topic: keywords
subject: Multilingual Technologies
  topic: keywords
subject: Telephone-based Interfaces
  topic: keywords
subject: Digital Accessibility
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Sujit Kumar
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Authors and Global Journals Private Limited http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2025-09-04
publication date: 2025-09-04
starting page: 1
ending page: 11

Deep Learning-based Severity Classification of Concrete Cracks using YOLOv8 for Structural Health Analysis
type: item
description: Crack detection and severity classification are essential tasks in structural health monitoring, especially for critical civil infrastructure such as roads and bridges. Traditional methods rely heavily on manual inspection, which is time-consuming, costly, and prone to human error. This study introduces a computer vision approach using the YOLOv8n model to automatically classify concrete surface conditions into seven categories, ranging from &quot;No Crack&quot; to & quot;Very Large Crack & quot;. After augmenting and preprocessing the dataset, the model was trained over 10 epochs and achieved an accuracy of 97.1% and accuracy of 99.9% on the validation set, demonstrating strong classification performance on 53 samples. With a dataset containing over 11,501 images across six categories, the model displayed strong generalization and fast inference speeds reached 0.4ms per image. These results validate the YOLOv8 classifier�s capability for rapid and accurate infrastructure assessment and pave the way for scalable deployment on drones and mobile devices in real-time field scenarios.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Speech Recognition Systems
  topic: keywords
subject: Inclusive Digital Access
  topic: keywords
subject: Multilingual Technologies
  topic: keywords
subject: Telephone-based Interfaces
  topic: keywords
subject: Digital Accessibility
  topic: keywords
subject: Deep Learning
  topic: keywords
subject: Crack Detection
  topic: keywords
subject: YOLOv8n-cls
  topic: keywords
subject: Infrastructure Monitoring
  topic: keywords
subject: Concrete Cracks
  topic: keywords
subject: Image Classification.
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Wisam Bukaita
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Authors and Global Journals Private Limited http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2025-09-04
publication date: 2025-09-04
starting page: 13
ending page: 26

Search of Floating Mines by Unmanned Aerial Vehicles using Kinematic Projection Methods
type: item
description: The question of demining sea raids and ports, which is relevant for Europe in the period of active deployment of military confrontations on its territory, is considered. It is proposed to combine the search capabilities of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) with the ability of trawler boats to clear floating mines. The optimal trajectory of search movements of UAV along the Archimedean spiral is proposed. An appropriate number of UAV that can effectively search for floating mines simultaneously is determined. Mine detonation with warheads dropped from an aerial liquidator drone is proposed as one of the most effective ways of the disposal of mines.� The proposed method can be used to manage the search movements of UAV, to process the data provided by them about the detected floating mine, and to clarify the coordinates of the floating mine. A corresponding block diagram for computer software is proposed. It has been established that using the proposed search method and at the speed of UAV 5-5.5 m/s, it is possible to survey up to 6 square kilometers of sea every hour. At the same time, it is possible to save up to 20 liters of fuel for the trawler boat.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Gyroscopic effect
  topic: keywords
subject: Straight cylindrical gears
  topic: keywords
subject: Dynamic characteristics
  topic: keywords
subject: Vortex
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. I. S. Aftanaziv
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Authors and Global Journals Private Limited http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2025-06-02
publication date: 2025-06-02
starting page: 33
ending page: 50

Effectiveness of Silica Fume as a Partial Cement Replacement in Recycled Aggregate Concrete
type: item
description: Recycled concrete aggregate (RAC) can be used in structural concrete to lessen the environmental impact of waste concrete and the use of natural resources. The current study summarized the mechanical performances of concrete and assessed the synergistic impacts of recycled aggregate, likely at 100% content, with silica fume (SF) partially substituting cement. The study's primary variables included the dosage of silica fume used as a partial replacement of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) at five different percentages: 0%, 4%, 8%, 12%, and 16% by weight. Five distinct mixtures, designated RACSF-0, RACSF-4, RACSF-8, RACSF-12, and RACSF-16, were made using differing concentrations of silica fume for M30 concrete. The workability of concrete mixes was examined using the slump test.� After increasing the proportion of SF, a declining trend was observed in the test results.� The mechanical characteristics of RACSF were examined at 7 and 28 days using compressive and splitting tensile tests.� The results demonstrated that adding SF enhanced RACSF's performance at both early and later curing ages, with the highest results occurring at 12% SF addition.� As a result, it is advised to partially substitute 12% SF for cement in RAC.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Gyroscopic effect
  topic: keywords
subject: Straight cylindrical gears
  topic: keywords
subject: Dynamic characteristics
  topic: keywords
subject: Vortex
  topic: keywords
subject: Compressive Strength
  topic: keywords
subject: Recycled aggregate concrete
  topic: keywords
subject: Silica fume; Workability
  topic: keywords
subject: Splitting tensile strength.
  topic: keywords
creator: Md. Rejoan Chowdhury
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Authors and Global Journals Private Limited http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2025-06-02
publication date: 2025-06-02
starting page: 51
ending page: 59

A Hybrid Multi-Attribute Framework for Optimizing Turnaround Inspection Scope in Oil and Gas Facilities
type: item
description: Purpose�� The purpose of this paper is to support operating facilities in identifying the appropriate and adequate initial turnaround (TA) inspection scope strategies and prioritizing operation, maintenance & engineering efforts to help deliver production operational targets by limiting the TA on to the equipment that internal inspection is necessary and avoid unnecessary replacement of internal parts (e.g., catalysts, desiccant, etc.) due to exposing the equipment to internal inspection. Furthermore, identify the inspections that can be performed non-intrusively and online, which can shorten the TA duration, minimize business interruption, and maximize plant availability. Design/methodology/approach�� The case study was conducted using one of the most widely deployed risk models in the oil and gas industry, where a full assessment was performed on an offshore gas-producing platform.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Gyroscopic effect
  topic: keywords
subject: Straight cylindrical gears
  topic: keywords
subject: Dynamic characteristics
  topic: keywords
subject: Vortex
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Mohamed Attia
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Authors and Global Journals Private Limited http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2025-06-02
publication date: 2025-06-02
starting page: 15
ending page: 31

Analysis of Dynamic Characteristics of Straight Cylindricalgears based on Gyroscopic Effect
type: item
description: Purpose: The main objective of the study is to investigate the shaft plane inclination caused by bendingmoments and torsional vibrations during rotation without considering tooth friction. Methods: The law of vortex effects on gear vibrations was also considered. A four-degree-of-freedomstraight-tooth cylindrical gear dynamics model was developed based on the gyroscopic effect. ANSYSWorkbench was used to perform the model's finite element analysis, and Simulink was used for the simulationand analysis of the model.� Results: The gyroscopic effect is being investigated to determine the variation law of the intrinsic characteristicsofstraight cylindrical gears. The dynamic characteristics of straight cylindrical gears with and without gyroscopiceffects were compared, and the impact of gyroscopic effects on straight cylindrical gear systems was discussed. Conclusions: Forward and backward vortex phenomena can be observed under the influence of the gyroscopiceffect, as the intrinsic frequency increases with rotational speed. The results show that the gyroscopic effect significantly affects the translational and torsional vibrations of the master/follower wheel. It has a moresignificant impact on the torsional vibration displacement of the master wheel and the translational vibrationdisplacement of the follower wheel.�
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Gyroscopic effect
  topic: keywords
subject: Straight cylindrical gears
  topic: keywords
subject: Dynamic characteristics
  topic: keywords
subject: Vortex
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Xu Pengpeng
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Authors and Global Journals Private Limited http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2025-06-02
publication date: 2025-06-02
starting page: 1
ending page: 14

The Solution of the 3 Dimensional Navier-Stokes Momentum Equations (A 3 Dimensional Integral Equation Approach)
type: item
description: This paper provides the solution of the classical navier stokes mo-mentum equations within the common three dimensional euclidean space. The function variable of the equations, h := (p, v) takes values in R4, consisting of a skalar field �pressure� p and a vector field �velocity� v where both, p and v depend on the same four variables (x, y, z, t). The solution space L ? {h ? C(R4 , R4 ), the continuous differentiable functions from R4 to R4 |v(x, y, z, t) = h(�, w(x, y, z, t)) ? C 2 (R4 , R3 ), the twice continuous differentiable functions from R4to R3� , for all functions w}. The equation system �navier-stokes�, as we will show, is underspecified as infinite many solutions exist. We will show smoothness and existence of the general solution of the navier stokes equations. We will deal with fluid dynamics and their boundary conditions for the com- pressible case as a general case of the incompressible one.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: pirate attacks
  topic: keywords
subject: risk analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: K-means clustering
  topic: keywords
subject: Autoencoder
  topic: keywords
subject: EWM-TOPSIS
  topic: keywords
subject: Compressive Strength
  topic: keywords
subject: tensile strength
  topic: keywords
subject: mechanical properties
  topic: keywords
subject: compressed earth blocks (CEBs)
  topic: keywords
subject: eggshell waste
  topic: keywords
subject: lime
  topic: keywords
subject: Finite Element Analysis (FEA)
  topic: keywords
subject: Carbon Nanotubes (CNT)
  topic: keywords
subject: Liquid Oxygen (LOX)
  topic: keywords
subject: Liquid Hydrogen (LH2)
  topic: keywords
subject: External Fuel Tank (EFT).
  topic: keywords
subject:
  topic: keywords
subject: Fluid dynamics
  topic: keywords
subject: Claude-Luis Navier and George Gabriel Stokes
  topic: keywords
subject: 3- dimensional Navier-Stokes equations
  topic: keywords
subject: Compressible and incom pressible fluids
  topic: keywords
subject: Differential geometry and analysis
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Andres Boldori
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Authors and Global Journals Private Limited http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2024-10-17
publication date: 2024-10-17
starting page: 83
ending page: 87

Understanding the World Through Systems: History, Classification and Future Directions
type: item
description: In recent years, the concept of "system" has been increasingly used. As a result, the concept of a system is found in almost all fields of knowledge, which has given rise to many definitions. It is almost impossible to give an accurate comprehensive definition of the system. Any of them will be relative. Therefore, it is better to consider the historical process of the formation of the concept of "system".
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Fuzzy controller
  topic: keywords
subject: PID controller
  topic: keywords
subject: two-wheeled balance robot
  topic: keywords
subject: Continuous plane curve
  topic: keywords
subject: Minimum one-sided Hausdorff distance
  topic: keywords
subject: Exact algorithm
  topic: keywords
subject: Comparison of computational efficiency
  topic: keywords
subject: Roundness error evaluation.
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Kochetov N. V
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Authors and Global Journals Private Limited http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2025-03-20
publication date: 2025-03-20
starting page: 43
ending page: 49

Design, Construction and Performance Comparison of Fuzzy Logic Controller and PID Controller for two-Wheel Balance Robot
type: item
description: In this article, the design, construction and control of a two-wheeled balancing robot was carried out with two PID controllers and fuzzy logic. This type of robot has advantages such as lower energy consumption and the ability to be used in small spaces with the ability to navigate in the entire workspace and rotate in place compared to other wheeled robots. Therefore, the need for research on the knowledge of building a two-wheeled balancing robot and controlling its balance optimally is felt to enter fields such as medical robots (assistant and military and robotics of humanoid robots), etc. For the design and modeling of the robot, SolidWorks software was used, and for programming, Arduino software was used along with the Arduino microcontroller board. In this research, the robot system is nonlinear and is considered as a black box, and two linear PID and nonlinear fuzzy controllers have been used. After conducting investigations and obtaining numerous results for both controllers in the results section, the performance of the fuzzy controller was observed to be much more optimal than the PID controller. The PID coefficients have been obtained experimentally, and the membership functions of the fuzzy controller have also been adjusted experimentally, and the Mamdani method and trapezoidal functions have been used. All the results have been obtained from the Arduino software and with a serial port connection between the computer and the Arduino microcontroller, all of which are presented in the results section.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Fuzzy controller
  topic: keywords
subject: PID controller
  topic: keywords
subject: two-wheeled balance robot
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Mehrdad Esmaeilipour
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Authors and Global Journals Private Limited http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2025-03-20
publication date: 2025-03-20
starting page: 51
ending page: 68

Computation of the Minimum One-sided Hausdorff Distance Between Plane Curves under a Similarity Transformation and Relevant Applications in Roundness Error Evaluation
type: item
description: A two-stage (rough and accurate) computation strategy was developed in this study in order to accurately calculate the minimum one-sided Hausdorff distance between continuous plane curves under a similarity transformation. In the rough computation, a mathematical programming model based on the discretisation method was constructed to ascertain the minimum one-sided Hausdorff distance. In addition, the linearisation method in this model was elucidated. Based on that, the solutions were attained through a stable and efficient simplex method and 5 characteristic points were obtained. In the accurate computation, a local iterative accurate algorithm for computing the minimum one-sided Hausdorff distance was established after 4 similarity transformation parameters were separated from 10 curve parameters corresponding to 5 characteristic points. Similar results, which verify the feasibility of this algorithm, were obtained based on rough and accurate computations in a numerical example. Moreover, a roundness error evaluation programming model based on the minimum one-sided Hausdorff distance and relevant linear solution methods was also developed. Furthermore, the numerical examples based on this model were compared with those based on a conventional roundness error computation model. The results revealed that similar computation circle centre coordinates, roundness error, and characteristic points can be obtained based on both models. The computational efficiency can be significantly improved via the method proposed in this study.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Fuzzy controller
  topic: keywords
subject: PID controller
  topic: keywords
subject: two-wheeled balance robot
  topic: keywords
subject: Continuous plane curve
  topic: keywords
subject: Minimum one-sided Hausdorff distance
  topic: keywords
subject: Exact algorithm
  topic: keywords
subject: Comparison of computational efficiency
  topic: keywords
subject: Roundness error evaluation.
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Dong Lei
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Authors and Global Journals Private Limited http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2025-03-20
publication date: 2025-03-20
starting page: 1
ending page: 21